------=_NextPart_000_003C_01C53F9E.FA7D8580 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit If a bell is missing the leather washers, what, and how serious are the problems is it likely to cause? [Andrew Aspland] The leather washer gives something to tighten the clapper against - so S J Ivin will be able to get a castellation to line up with the hole. Without such a washer the tendency is to overtighten the clapper and the crown staple can end up doing some of the work of bolting the bell to its headstock and this is a cause of crown staple pins breaking. Leather does shrink and decay but shouldn't be a problem if you are doing annual checks and are prepared to replace some. At Leeds we have had some problems with the "leather" between the headstock and the bell decaying. We have used that hard red fibrous board to replace them - not an easy task on a large bell! Taylors sold us some sheets of it - can't remember the price though! Andrew ------=_NextPart_000_003C_01C53F9E.FA7D8580 Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable