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<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Optima><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Optima;color:black'>Not much help I’m afraid as they were
tuned by Whitechapel in the 1950s.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Optima><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Optima;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Optima><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Optima;color:black'>R<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Optima><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Optima;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center tabindex=-1>
</span></font></div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'> <st1:PersonName
w:st="on">bellhistorians@yahoogroups.com</st1:PersonName> [mailto:<st1:PersonName
w:st="on">bellhistorians@yahoogroups.com</st1:PersonName>] <b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b>Bickerton, Roderic (SELEX <st1:place
w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">GALILEO</st1:City>, <st1:country-region w:st="on">UK</st1:country-region></st1:place>)<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Monday, 11 August 2008 6:18
PM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> <st1:PersonName w:st="on">bellhistorians@yahoogroups.com</st1:PersonName><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> RE: [Bell Historians]
16th and 17th century tuning</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div id=ygrp-mlmsg>
<div style='float:left;z-index:1' id=ygrp-msg>
<div id=ygrp-text>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>What evidence is there from complete rings:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=1 cellpadding=0
bgcolor="#BDD6CE" style='background:#BDD6CE'>
<tr>
<td colspan=8 valign=top bgcolor="#EFF7EF" style='background:#EFF7EF;
padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><st1:City w:st="on"><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Smithfield</span></font></st1:City>
<st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><b><span style='font-weight:bold'>London</span></b></st1:place></st1:City>,
Gr Lon<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>S Bartholomew Gt</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign=top bgcolor=white style='background:white;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on"><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Bell</span></font></st1:place></st1:City><o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td valign=top bgcolor=white style='background:white;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Weight<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign=top bgcolor=white style='background:white;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Nominal<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign=top bgcolor=white style='background:white;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Note<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign=top bgcolor=white style='background:white;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Diameter<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign=top bgcolor=white style='background:white;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Cast<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign=top bgcolor=white style='background:white;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Founder<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign=top bgcolor=white style='background:white;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Canons<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign=top bgcolor=white style='background:white;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>1<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign=top bgcolor=white style='background:white;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>2cwt<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign=top bgcolor=white style='background:white;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign=top bgcolor=white style='background:white;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>F#<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign=top bgcolor=white style='background:white;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>22.00 "<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign=top bgcolor=white style='background:white;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>c1510†<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign=top bgcolor=white style='background:white;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Thomas Bullisdon<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign=top bgcolor=white style='background:white;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Y<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign=top bgcolor=white style='background:white;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>2<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign=top bgcolor=white style='background:white;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>2¾cwt<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign=top bgcolor=white style='background:white;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign=top bgcolor=white style='background:white;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>E<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign=top bgcolor=white style='background:white;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>24.00 "<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign=top bgcolor=white style='background:white;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>c1510†<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign=top bgcolor=white style='background:white;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Thomas Bullisdon<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign=top bgcolor=white style='background:white;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Y<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign=top bgcolor=white style='background:white;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>3<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign=top bgcolor=white style='background:white;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>3½cwt<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign=top bgcolor=white style='background:white;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign=top bgcolor=white style='background:white;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>D#<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign=top bgcolor=white style='background:white;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>26.50 "<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign=top bgcolor=white style='background:white;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>c1510†<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign=top bgcolor=white style='background:white;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Thomas Bullisdon<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign=top bgcolor=white style='background:white;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Y<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign=top bgcolor=white style='background:white;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>4<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign=top bgcolor=white style='background:white;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>4¼cwt<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign=top bgcolor=white style='background:white;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign=top bgcolor=white style='background:white;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>C#<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign=top bgcolor=white style='background:white;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>29.00 "<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign=top bgcolor=white style='background:white;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>c1510†<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign=top bgcolor=white style='background:white;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Thomas Bullisdon<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign=top bgcolor=white style='background:white;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Y<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign=top bgcolor=white style='background:white;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>5<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign=top bgcolor=white style='background:white;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'>
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face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>5½cwt<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>31.00 "<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>c1510†<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Thomas Bullisdon<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Y<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font
size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'> <st1:PersonName
w:st="on">bellhistorians@<wbr>yahoogroups.<wbr>com</st1:PersonName> [mailto:<st1:PersonName
w:st="on">bellhistori<wbr>ans@yahoogroups.<wbr>com</st1:PersonName>] <b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b>Richard Smith<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> 11 August 2008 11:04<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> <st1:PersonName w:st="on">bellhistorians@<wbr>yahoogroups.<wbr>com</st1:PersonName><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> RE: [Bell Historians]
16th and 17th century tuning</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
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style='font-size:12.0pt'>*** WARNING ***<br>
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<p><st1:PersonName w:st="on"><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Richard Offen</span></font></st1:PersonName> wrote:<br>
<br>
> > Is anyone aware of any research into how the tuning of rings<br>
> > of bells evolved during the 16th and 17th centuries?<br>
><br>
> "<a href="http://www.hibberts.co.uk/index.htm">http://www.hibberts<wbr>.co.uk/index.<wbr>htm</a>"<br>
> "<a href="http://www.kirnberger.fsnet.co.uk/">http://www.kirnberg<wbr>er.fsnet.<wbr>co.uk/</a>"<br>
<br>
Interesting though both of these are, I'm not sure either <br>
really touch on what I'm interested on. Or perhaps they do, <br>
and I haven't managed to locate the relevant parts, in which <br>
case a pointer would be appreciated.<br>
<br>
The only passage I can find that is slightly relevant to the <br>
introduction of a major scale in rings of bells is the <br>
following paragraph on <st1:PersonName w:st="on">Nigel Taylor</st1:PersonName>'s
site:<br>
<br>
| Until the 17th century, few churches had more than four <br>
| bells. These rarely formed a scale; this was of little <br>
| consequence as each bell was used for a specific purpose, <br>
| such as the curfew, sanctus, or tolling for the dead. <br>
| Little, if any attempt was made to tune additional bells <br>
| to sound in tune with existing ones. In the mid-17th century, <br>
| English change-ringing was beginning to develop, and with <br>
| it the demand for greater numbers of bells in a set. For <br>
| change-ringing to make any sense, clearly the bells must <br>
| form a recognisable scale.<br>
<br>
But this doesn't seem wholly compatible with John Eisel's <br>
essay 'Change Ringing: The History of an English Art, Vol 1' <br>
where he says:<br>
<br>
| In the middle of the sixteenth century we have the results <br>
| of the first surveys on the numbers of church bells. <br>
| [...] The weights of the bells show that the bells would <br>
| have formed a ring and this is emphasised by the returns <br>
| of the Commissioners for the Hundred of Framland in <br>
| Leicestershire. Three parishes each had 'iij bells of a <br>
| corde', Croxton Kerrial had 'iiij bells of a ryng', and <br>
| Muston had 'iiij bells of one ryng'.<br>
|<br>
| A study of the 1552 and 1553 inventories shows that most <br>
| parish churches had between three and five bells, although <br>
| some had fewer and a handful had more.<br>
<br>
I would be interested in what is known about the tuning of <br>
rings from this period. Heinrich Glarean didn't publish <br>
'Dodecachordon' until 1547, and this is usually credited as <br>
the point when the major scale (his Ionian mode) was <br>
introduced, so it would seem surprising if this was in many <br>
mid-16th century rings of bells.<br>
<br>
Richard<o:p></o:p></p>
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