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<div style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
Alison, David, Dickon, and the Group,</div>
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Thank you very much for the information.</div>
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<div style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
The polished bell (without the clapper) looks like brass, but are the pair of identical bells brass? </div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
Also, is the rough (unpolished?) finish of the surface of the 'shoulder' and inside of the pair of bells produced by the sand used in casting them?</div>
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For completeness, the two bells that are identical have the following dimensions:</div>
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Outer (maximum) diameter, 5 inches</div>
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Height, 3<sup>1</sup>/<sub>4</sub><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">" (three and a quarter inches)</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Wooden handle, 5<sup>1</sup>/<sub>2</sub><sup> </sup></span><span style="vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">"
(five and a half inches long)</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Metal shaft visible between the bell and wooden handle, about
</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><sup>1</sup></span><span style="vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">/</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><sub>2</sub></span><span style="vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">
" (half inch).</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br>
</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">The (brass) bell without a clapper is a little larger, with
an outer (maximum) diameter of 4</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><sup>7</sup></span><span style="vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">/</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><sub><strike>8</strike></sub></span><span style="vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">"
(four and seven eighths) and height of 3</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><sup>1</sup></span><span style="vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">/</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><sub>2</sub></span><span style="vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">"
(three and a half).</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">It also has what appear to be a crack (or casting fault?)
about three inches long running horizontally around it just above the third line up from the base.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br>
</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="vertical-align: super; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">With thanks,</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Julian</span><br>
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<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" color="#000000" style="font-size:11pt"><b>From:</b> bellhistorians@yahoogroups.com <bellhistorians@yahoogroups.com> on behalf of Revd David Cawley davidl.cawley@btinternet.com [bellhistorians]
<bellhistorians@yahoogroups.com><br>
<b>Sent:</b> 12 January 2020 20:24<br>
<b>To:</b> bellhistorians@yahoogroups.com <bellhistorians@yahoogroups.com><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Bell Historians] Establishing the origins and age of a hand bell ?</font>
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Dickon is absolutely correct when he identifies these as brass bells.
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</p>
<p style="line-height: 1.22em;margin: 0px 0px 1em;">Taylors used to use a firm in Birmingham to make them for sale, and modern examples are on sale in the Bell Foundry Museum shop.</p>
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</p>
<p style="line-height: 1.22em;margin: 0px 0px 1em;">The appearance is very much late 19th century to the early 20th century. Probably school bells though there were any number of uses to which these robust castings could be put. Usually the handle would break
with excessive use rather than the bell !</p>
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</p>
<p style="line-height: 1.22em;margin: 0px 0px 1em;">DLC</p>
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------ Original Message ------<br style="line-height: 1.22em;">
From: "Julian Perfect julianperfect@hotmail.com [bellhistorians]" <bellhistorians@yahoogroups.com><br style="line-height: 1.22em;">
To: "bellhistorians@yahoogroups.com" <bellhistorians@yahoogroups.com><br style="line-height: 1.22em;">
Sent: Saturday, 11 Jan, 2020 At 14:18<br style="line-height: 1.22em;">
Subject: [Bell Historians] Establishing the origins and age of a hand bell ? [4 Attachments]<br style="line-height: 1.22em;">
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<span style="line-height: 1.22em;color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Calibri ,Helvetica ,sans-serif; font-size:12.0pt">It has been suggested to me that the Bell Historians Group might be able to provide some information in response to my enquiry below.
</span><br style="line-height: 1.22em;">
</div>
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<div style="line-height: 1.22em;">
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;font-family:Calibri ,Helvetica ,sans-serif; font-size:12.0pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<span style="line-height: 1.22em;color:black; font-size:12.0pt"><br style="line-height: 1.22em;">
</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;font-family:Calibri ,Helvetica ,sans-serif; font-size:12.0pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<span style="line-height: 1.22em;color:black; font-size:12.0pt">I have a couple hand bells which appear to be identical and cast in bell metal (please see the first three of the attached photographs, the 2p coin gives an indication of the dimensions of the
bells). </span><span style="line-height: 1.22em;color:black; font-size:12.0pt">I would like to establish, if possible, by whom, where and when these bells were cast, but there are no markings that I can see on either of the bells (or their handles) that might
offer any clues. I would be grateful for any information, ideas, or suggestions about this, please.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;font-family:Calibri ,Helvetica ,sans-serif; font-size:12.0pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<span style="line-height: 1.22em;color:black; font-size:12.0pt"><br style="line-height: 1.22em;">
</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;font-family:Calibri ,Helvetica ,sans-serif; font-size:12.0pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<span style="line-height: 1.22em;color:black; font-size:12.0pt">I would also be interested to hear any ideas about the origins and former use of the bell (missing its clapper) shown in the fourth and fifth of the attached photographs. Again, there are no markings
visible on this bell.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.22em;font-family:Calibri ,Helvetica ,sans-serif; font-size:12.0pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<span style="line-height: 1.22em;color:black; font-size:12.0pt"><br style="line-height: 1.22em;">
</span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 1.22em;color:black; font-size:12.0pt">With thanks,</span><br style="line-height: 1.22em;">
</div>
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<span style="line-height: 1.22em;font-size:12.0pt; color:black">Julian Perfect</span></p>
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