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For the dating of the belfry timbers see the VAG's dendrochronology database</div>
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Richard</div>
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<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" style="font-size: 11pt;" dir="auto"><b>From:</b> Bell-historians <bell-historians-bounces@lists.ringingworld.co.uk> on behalf of Richard Smith via Bell-historians <bell-historians@lists.ringingworld.co.uk><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Sunday, September 20, 2026 9:24:28 pm<br>
<b>To:</b> bell-historians@lists.ringingworld.co.uk <bell-historians@lists.ringingworld.co.uk><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Richard Smith <richard@ex-parrot.com><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Bell Historians] Navestock, Essex<br>
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On Fri 18 Sept 2026 17:05, David Sloman via Bell-historians wrote:<br>
<br>
> The old bell frame should still exist, it was at The Passmore Edwards<br>
> Museum London but apparently was moved to Woodham Ferrers County Council<br>
> Museum in the 1980's. I haven't seen it since it was removed from the<br>
> tower.It consists of four pits with the treble hung diagonally above.<br>
> Can't add anything about bell numbers prior to 1862.<br>
<br>
I can't find any record of a museum in Woodham Ferrers, either now or in<br>
the 1980s or '90s, unless it's the 'Heritage Hub' in St Mary's church<br>
which seems to be a very new thing.<br>
<br>
The Passmore Edwards Museum closed in 1994, so it's not going to be<br>
possible to ask them where the frame went. However, the bulk of its<br>
collection went to the Newham Heritage Service. I don't think they have<br>
anywhere that could accommodate a large bell frame, but I would hope<br>
they will have records showing how the collection was disbursed. I've<br>
sent them an enquiry.<br>
<br>
I have found an article by Alan Dickinson on 'Timber Towers and Spires<br>
of Romney Marsh Churches', published in the Romney Marsh Irregular (no.<br>
38, 2011, Romney Marsh Research Trust), which refers to the bell frame<br>
at Navestock, Essex, which it says was dated using dendrochronology to<br>
1365–91:<br>
<br>
<a href="https://static1.squarespace.com/static/65df7835178a9d2b20f8d501/t/677d05d5d35ef524cb22f48d/1736246746152/papers-2011-10-01-timber-towers-and-spires-of-romney-marsh-churches.pdf">https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstatic1.squarespace.com%2Fstatic%2F65df7835178a9d2b20f8d501%2Ft%2F677d05d5d35ef524cb22f48d%2F1736246746152%2Fpapers-2011-10-01-timber-towers-and-spires-of-romney-marsh-churches.pdf&data=05%7C02%7C%7C23c865fb647f4516c0ab08df17552887%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C639255326681440907%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=OiycQyN8fKYxDYc%2BslbkcBHDxnvVgUl23mWsm1%2B17pU%3D&reserved=0</a><br>
<br>
Unfortunately, the article quotes no sources.<br>
<br>
I don't know what layout the frame has, but from David Sloman's<br>
description it sounds like a 5.7 layout, but with the diagonal central<br>
pit raised above the lower swastika. That's an assumption on my part,<br>
but it seems a plausible layout for a frame of this age.<br>
<br>
If this is correct, it suggests at least the lower/outer four pits would<br>
be original: i.e. fourteenth century, if the dendrochronology is<br>
correct. This doesn't seem consistent with the two inventories quoted<br>
by Deedes and Walters. They are quoted more fully in 'Visitations of<br>
churches belonging to St. Paul's cathedral in 1297 and in 1458' (1895):<br>
<br>
* In 1297, 'Campanarium bonum bene opertum cum ij campanis sufficienter<br>
cordatis' – a good bell tower, well roofed, with two bells and<br>
sufficient ropes' – and later on, 'Item iiij campanule pro mortuis' –<br>
'four small bells for the dead'.<br>
<br>
* In 1458, 'tria tintunabula, due campane manuales, tres campane in<br>
campanile insimul concordantes, cum vno sanctus bello' – three little<br>
bells, two handbells, three bells in the bell tower harmonising with<br>
each other, with one sanctus bell [p.67].<br>
<br>
This suggests two bells in 1297 and three by 1458.<br>
<br>
Of course, if the frame layout is not a two-layer variant of 5.7, that<br>
would perhaps make it more likely that it had been extended from a<br>
three-bell layout.<br>
<br>
However, my primary interest is how many bells there were immediately<br>
before 1862, rather than in mediaeval times.<br>
<br>
RAS<br>
<br>
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